2 20 74 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource West African Drumming Relation A related resource <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PLb9XIdWcqeaU9av8Bg95wf3lb48xJSePn" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Musical Instrument A sound-making object used for musical performance or in a musical context Video Embed YouTube video <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/KI36rQFRmH8" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Luna membranophone Musical Instrument A sound-making object used for musical performance or in a musical context Video Embed YouTube video <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/3ysj23dFJEk" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cellular Telephone electrophone Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource West African Drumming Relation A related resource <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PLb9XIdWcqeaU9av8Bg95wf3lb48xJSePn" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Musical Instrument A sound-making object used for musical performance or in a musical context Video Embed YouTube video <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/a8BRsacMD8k" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Konkoni membranophone https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/aac37a613330a55b04f22f9886400412.jpg 1c38b8f7242812c2f990acf07e4194f3 https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/7208c66f9f835a78c112025cb62fc769.jpg 1f8950c6d8548fb2972afbeefcb63849 https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/d787d450b3a5c9da4472b48b491e7bb7.jpg cf08614aeedc45ea38bc7244bacf42c7 https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/1f74f5d0139c453ad555b7f7d294b83d.jpg 7616a92291729b01beb92e2cabea5e82 https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/8e50b870acaafdfac7e3f61dcdd1b670.jpg f8613dd8b52d9707be06a8062bcc318e https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/b910b8395c3179ea73f69c0ac0402713.jpg 887925cec24d4a95244fb9be252510f4 https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/1d06e3f78e8b599633ed308ec3a504ed.jpg 22cb8a43d23604038eee9f0b7c8f9f6a https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/4a6222c5ebd8dd83cc8cd29b473ea1b4.jpg 070478165855f4e4b6eae5a8e9ebb9f5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource West African Drumming Relation A related resource <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PLb9XIdWcqeaU9av8Bg95wf3lb48xJSePn" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Musical Instrument A sound-making object used for musical performance or in a musical context Video Embed YouTube video <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/YncVWsmO-pI" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kidi membranophone https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/17b28736db8544668068ac5004958e8d.jpg fcdf3996974b98d19e308f1ec19cc8b3 https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/8e14e56dc70f356ec51dfc7102624b4b.jpg 86c6595413ef1c4c44c6fb66a23d91e9 https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/b3aa1cc6aef32299711df9a0d9df473c.jpg 13a3b3cab9f55fb6f6cfbf9bb3739c9f https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/2488c932f695251df7c1e1de3b0191ea.jpg 650c4e0c3273d86c10d78e7adafca3f8 https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/b50edd83d22b71bd17f2d98101a4d84d.jpg 318fdfde0caa79dde34268482035090b https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/a6751e844fc485baa74a38bd0a300825.jpg 18008caa91c5c551df8ce591b1403323 https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/6e4e7cec20604261b92d5152f5833d62.jpg 7b0809c7397bd1d36899ded49b411ebc https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/224ab1cf2227678f700d046fd6c569af.jpg 08f2846b0576d0a50a97d332f042c08c https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/dd034c5cbe65e344574c174be5338319.jpg 6d8968ba6c4973e7203b20b1bcfa929b https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/c3eeb47bd2a7ba51b01147f37ae86578.jpg e9fd6e8c6bc0ead6d79ecb15bc25b1c1 https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/6e1a2f0c1d3381f8ce1b06320d5861a6.jpg 105558fd69dc81378da0c765088b8c4b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource West African Drumming Relation A related resource <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PLb9XIdWcqeaU9av8Bg95wf3lb48xJSePn" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Musical Instrument A sound-making object used for musical performance or in a musical context Video Embed YouTube video <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/-D8m8fZO9DY" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kaganu membranophone https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/deb704501f3f656ccb3b6c185d4cc9f0.jpg 6b1fb70e9f24c969dc29b69346035425 https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/70c841624fcc86c90e579c965de8f038.jpg 441ba8bdc277892739bcbf44bb0b37bd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource West African Drumming Relation A related resource <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PLb9XIdWcqeaU9av8Bg95wf3lb48xJSePn" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Musical Instrument A sound-making object used for musical performance or in a musical context Video Embed YouTube video <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/4Ak-x8zYEX4" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jembe membranophone Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource West African Drumming Relation A related resource <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PLb9XIdWcqeaU9av8Bg95wf3lb48xJSePn" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Musical Instrument A sound-making object used for musical performance or in a musical context Video Embed YouTube video <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/T59L8GQmCGc" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jambadudu membranophone https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/1630cb45d8eee17cc676ee20b36ecbb8.jpg 0daf1aa1de2faa8dbeb28058aedd20ee https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/adc8eda10912abc8e0fa9e0db52faa27.jpg bf4a7359445663630a1e5aa7cd629aa5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Batá Drumming Relation A related resource <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PLb9XIdWcqeaXBTEp1_aJsKEJbTLt78oPG" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Musical Instrument A sound-making object used for musical performance or in a musical context Video Embed YouTube video <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/55C2dnUSpI0" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Iya membranophone https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/8d87cde36dd26f31d6cef4efb841a768.jpg 1ec6a0c49f249b3c6eb917d19eff3027 https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/762afaccbf1898d6c593060ea467eaee.jpg fe62f15fd85eaeedf4ba0c984c33379a https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/2c5d01aa6925326c3fac389c129af805.jpg ee94b050de6c31e649c86d6b178db79a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Batá Drumming Relation A related resource <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PLb9XIdWcqeaXBTEp1_aJsKEJbTLt78oPG" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Musical Instrument A sound-making object used for musical performance or in a musical context Video Embed YouTube video <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/I17tmPJb2_Y" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Itotele membranophone https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/5433aa6846a7d519d9ee2daaaaa28141.jpg 65f9908359ca82af573fbde2553774ac https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/989624fd7206781d78316201544a162f.jpg 60b735ab25a8766ed3b61ee222ae584d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource West African Drumming Relation A related resource <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PLb9XIdWcqeaU9av8Bg95wf3lb48xJSePn" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Musical Instrument A sound-making object used for musical performance or in a musical context Video Embed YouTube video <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/cUwq93yxvr4" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Geography The continent, region, nation where this instrument originates from Ghana, Ewe people Ensemble The musical group in which an instrument can be found West African Drumming Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gankogui Ghana idiophone metallophone https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/d8e8ef4cccb2a9bb0b1f96c4aa3a0cba.jpg 71c9a2e9354355d9ecf5d4125d327522 https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/9d0de4416105d8cd7b7190bf953f828f.jpg d5420a553ed2705c3f37867956ed281a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource West African Drumming Relation A related resource <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PLb9XIdWcqeaU9av8Bg95wf3lb48xJSePn" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Musical Instrument A sound-making object used for musical performance or in a musical context Video Embed YouTube video <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/xU17qEMJ9vs" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dundun membranophone Musical Instrument A sound-making object used for musical performance or in a musical context Video Embed YouTube video <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/lQE8GW2jREk" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dulcimer, plucked chordophone plucked string Musical Instrument A sound-making object used for musical performance or in a musical context Video Embed YouTube video <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/cWEXP3dcLWs" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dulcimer, hammered chordophone https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/f6b6ccd06dc2dbb40b9ae54ac37655b4.JPG b3e9b4783766120f01f9b07bdfd4a7de https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/9bc855b7d095efc032746ff232d8bf5e.JPG 617589a8f2151095c6241f2b3007a83d https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/bc39b3a1cbc07186c59b06b97b36b2c9.JPG 68a054a8fa573c8cc39bfa8e5a75251b Musical Instrument A sound-making object used for musical performance or in a musical context Video Embed YouTube video <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/pnh2O2--ZM8" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Alternative title any additional names or spellings for the instrument Mountain dulcimer Geography The continent, region, nation where this instrument originates from United States Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dulcimer, Appalachian chordophone plucked string United States https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/a01feb8f40fd6e49f08cfe86fece488c.JPG 5f1b33dc4e32de96866064b406842b36 https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/a4a874dc47094bdb98243905fafb64ce.JPG 95aaa171e2afcfea3820b8b35258f7d7 https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/7bce21a583c6e9c53a903e5b09106777.JPG fe72cbf230a644f83732fcb21b90cae6 https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/d71a3326e2dcdb171519b660aad5e6ce.JPG abe548991b10f0c05d0db23ae233a628 https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/d5fc020d45c462006fd3fc1ab2956d70.JPG 6cdfe42267ab9b2b8e1e96f2e4301ba3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chinese Music Ensemble Relation A related resource <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PLb9XIdWcqeaXuTQ8zGQrB_FmTX-XEC-Jw" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Musical Instrument A sound-making object used for musical performance or in a musical context Video Embed YouTube video <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/JR-oYh1W624" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Alternative title any additional names or spellings for the instrument Ruan Geography The continent, region, nation where this instrument originates from China Ensemble The musical group in which an instrument can be found Chinese Music Ensemble Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Daruan China chordophone plucked string Musical Instrument A sound-making object used for musical performance or in a musical context Video Embed YouTube video <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/-2FxGfHT9UM" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Berimbau chordophone plucked string https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/8067fb24a1445b4ea6acc29ae305bde9.jpg 659ba8119e1656ab82d0dbf5645dc9ca https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/ca7c31b5ee41621726a0d42dffc879d4.jpg 5d2867c9c955f9efdc0fe70da994a306 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Javanese Gamelan Description An account of the resource Gamelan is an ensemble consisting of predominantly metallophone and gong type instruments. The instruments produce tones when struck with mallets. The ensemble, in various sizes and forms, can be found in a number of Indonesian islands. In Java and Bali, gamelan has developed into an expansive ensemble, while a variety of smaller ensembles continue to exist. In Java alone, there exist several forms of gamelan ensembles. There are two especially known main gamelan styles: Sundanese (West Javanese) and Javanese gamelan. The following descriptions focus on Central Javanese gamelan. ----- INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS IN THE ENSEMBLE Javanese gamelan ensemble is known for its expansive or grandeur ensemble, employing a rich variety of instrument types. In a full set of gamelan, beside metallophones and gongs, there are other types of instruments, including a set of drums (kendhang), bowed- and plucked-strings (rebab and celempung), xylophone (gambang), and a bamboo flute (suling). A “soloist” female singing (sindhen) and male chorus (gerong) are also present in the gamelan ensemble. Each or a group of instruments and singing has a particular function in the ensemble, although there is a degree of flexibility. Generally the instruments may fall into the following three functional groupings: (1) instruments that delineate the structure of the piece; (2) instruments that guide temporal flow in the music; (3) and instruments that carries melodies in both simple and elaborate forms. Instruments in the first category include large and medium hanging gongs (gong ageng and gong suwukan), small size hanging gongs (kempul), large standing gongs (kenong), and a pair of small standing gongs (kethuk-kempyang). The stroke of a large hanging gong marks the end of the main musical unit (gongan), while other gongs (kenong, kempul, and kethuk-kempyang, respectively) subdivide it in the order of its importance. Instruments in the second category are a set of two-headed drums (kendhang). The drumming style is defined by the use of particular kendhang or a combination of them. The drumming may consist of a repeatable, simple rhythmic configuration (kendhang satunggal and kendhang kalih) to elaborate and animated rhythm (kendhang ciblon) that are associated with dance movements. The third category consists of three instrumental groupings: (a) instruments that carries melodic skeleton of the piece (balungan): saron, demung, and slenthem; (b) instruments that carries elaborate form of melodies, encompassing wide melodic registers (rebab, gambang, and singing), medium registers (gender barung) and narrow register (celempung, gender panerus, and suling). Generally, the wider their registers the more importance are their melodic functions; (3) instruments whose functions are to mediate between group a (balungan) and group b (elaborating instruments): bonang barung, bonang panerus, and peking. The anticipatory nature of the melodies of these instruments (especially bonang barung) has earned them the status of melodic guidance of the ensemble. Gamelan instruments can also be grouped according to the volume of the sound they can produced: soft-sounding and loud-sounding instruments. The soft-sounding instrument are positioned in the middle- and side-front to the middle row—rebab, gender, gambang, celempung, suling, slenthem—together with the singers. The loud-sounding instruments are in the side-front, middle, and back rows: bonang, kendhang, a group of saron, ketuk-kempyang, kenong, kempul, gong. Soft-loud category is an important basis for the playing style of gamelan and the ensemble’s interplay. ----- TUNING SYSTEM, PATHET, AND GENDHING A full gamelan set employs two tuning systems, slendro and pelog (thus, the full gamelan is actually a double sets, with the slendro set usually facing to the front and the pelog set to the side). The two sets are never played simultaneously, however. The slendro tuning consists of five notes per octave. The five intervals consist of short and medium steps. The difference between the two intervals is so small, however, that they are often described as equal or nearly equal intervals. The pelog has seven pitches per octave (1 2 3 4 5 6 7), but a gendhing is composed on the basis of the combination of sets of five pitch positions (1 2 3 5 6; 1 2 4 5 6; 2 3 5 6 7). In this sense, pelog is a pentatonic system, employing not only one but three basic five-pitch scales. Unlike slendro, narrow and wide intervals in each of these scales are apparent. Another musical concept associated with tuning system is modal classification called pathet. It is a system of the hierarchical use of tones (and/or different use of scale degrees, especially in pelog), supported by characteristics of instruments or vocal idioms to be used to approach these tones and the register of the tones used in composition. Pathet circumscribes general mood or emotive content of a composition. There are three pathet in each of the tuning systems. Composition in gamelan (gendhing) is determined and arranged by a number of parameters. First, a gendhing is composed in a particular tuning system and pathet. Secondly, a composition is framed in one of the formal structures (gongan). There are a docent formal structures defined in binary way by the stroke of gong, kenong, kempul, and kethuk. Thirdly, the melodies of gendhing are arranged in a metrical unit of four notes (gatra). ----- PERFORMANCE CONTEXTS AND HISTORY Gamelan may be performed independently, i.e., to be listened for its own sake. But gamelan is also an essential accompaniment for theatrical performances, such as dance drama and shadow wayang puppet play. Whether accompanying theatrical forms or not, gamelan is performed in several different contexts, especially in rite-of passages events and communal festivals. As history and technology advance, other contexts are created, including gamelan performance on radio and television stations. From little historical evidence we could find, it is safe to say that smaller ensembles, whether they accompanied singing or not, characterized music ensembles during the early period of Javanese history. In the 16th to 17th century, the ensemble began to develop into larger size. This was achieved by synchronizing loud- and soft-sounding instruments and vocal repertoire into an integrated musical concept. The result was an expansive size of ensemble with its hundreds of repertoire as can be found in today’s gamelan and gamelan practice. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sumarsam (2004) Musical Instrument A sound-making object used for musical performance or in a musical context Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bedhug gamelan Java membranophone Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Javanese Gamelan Description An account of the resource Gamelan is an ensemble consisting of predominantly metallophone and gong type instruments. The instruments produce tones when struck with mallets. The ensemble, in various sizes and forms, can be found in a number of Indonesian islands. In Java and Bali, gamelan has developed into an expansive ensemble, while a variety of smaller ensembles continue to exist. In Java alone, there exist several forms of gamelan ensembles. There are two especially known main gamelan styles: Sundanese (West Javanese) and Javanese gamelan. The following descriptions focus on Central Javanese gamelan. ----- INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS IN THE ENSEMBLE Javanese gamelan ensemble is known for its expansive or grandeur ensemble, employing a rich variety of instrument types. In a full set of gamelan, beside metallophones and gongs, there are other types of instruments, including a set of drums (kendhang), bowed- and plucked-strings (rebab and celempung), xylophone (gambang), and a bamboo flute (suling). A “soloist” female singing (sindhen) and male chorus (gerong) are also present in the gamelan ensemble. Each or a group of instruments and singing has a particular function in the ensemble, although there is a degree of flexibility. Generally the instruments may fall into the following three functional groupings: (1) instruments that delineate the structure of the piece; (2) instruments that guide temporal flow in the music; (3) and instruments that carries melodies in both simple and elaborate forms. Instruments in the first category include large and medium hanging gongs (gong ageng and gong suwukan), small size hanging gongs (kempul), large standing gongs (kenong), and a pair of small standing gongs (kethuk-kempyang). The stroke of a large hanging gong marks the end of the main musical unit (gongan), while other gongs (kenong, kempul, and kethuk-kempyang, respectively) subdivide it in the order of its importance. Instruments in the second category are a set of two-headed drums (kendhang). The drumming style is defined by the use of particular kendhang or a combination of them. The drumming may consist of a repeatable, simple rhythmic configuration (kendhang satunggal and kendhang kalih) to elaborate and animated rhythm (kendhang ciblon) that are associated with dance movements. The third category consists of three instrumental groupings: (a) instruments that carries melodic skeleton of the piece (balungan): saron, demung, and slenthem; (b) instruments that carries elaborate form of melodies, encompassing wide melodic registers (rebab, gambang, and singing), medium registers (gender barung) and narrow register (celempung, gender panerus, and suling). Generally, the wider their registers the more importance are their melodic functions; (3) instruments whose functions are to mediate between group a (balungan) and group b (elaborating instruments): bonang barung, bonang panerus, and peking. The anticipatory nature of the melodies of these instruments (especially bonang barung) has earned them the status of melodic guidance of the ensemble. Gamelan instruments can also be grouped according to the volume of the sound they can produced: soft-sounding and loud-sounding instruments. The soft-sounding instrument are positioned in the middle- and side-front to the middle row—rebab, gender, gambang, celempung, suling, slenthem—together with the singers. The loud-sounding instruments are in the side-front, middle, and back rows: bonang, kendhang, a group of saron, ketuk-kempyang, kenong, kempul, gong. Soft-loud category is an important basis for the playing style of gamelan and the ensemble’s interplay. ----- TUNING SYSTEM, PATHET, AND GENDHING A full gamelan set employs two tuning systems, slendro and pelog (thus, the full gamelan is actually a double sets, with the slendro set usually facing to the front and the pelog set to the side). The two sets are never played simultaneously, however. The slendro tuning consists of five notes per octave. The five intervals consist of short and medium steps. The difference between the two intervals is so small, however, that they are often described as equal or nearly equal intervals. The pelog has seven pitches per octave (1 2 3 4 5 6 7), but a gendhing is composed on the basis of the combination of sets of five pitch positions (1 2 3 5 6; 1 2 4 5 6; 2 3 5 6 7). In this sense, pelog is a pentatonic system, employing not only one but three basic five-pitch scales. Unlike slendro, narrow and wide intervals in each of these scales are apparent. Another musical concept associated with tuning system is modal classification called pathet. It is a system of the hierarchical use of tones (and/or different use of scale degrees, especially in pelog), supported by characteristics of instruments or vocal idioms to be used to approach these tones and the register of the tones used in composition. Pathet circumscribes general mood or emotive content of a composition. There are three pathet in each of the tuning systems. Composition in gamelan (gendhing) is determined and arranged by a number of parameters. First, a gendhing is composed in a particular tuning system and pathet. Secondly, a composition is framed in one of the formal structures (gongan). There are a docent formal structures defined in binary way by the stroke of gong, kenong, kempul, and kethuk. Thirdly, the melodies of gendhing are arranged in a metrical unit of four notes (gatra). ----- PERFORMANCE CONTEXTS AND HISTORY Gamelan may be performed independently, i.e., to be listened for its own sake. But gamelan is also an essential accompaniment for theatrical performances, such as dance drama and shadow wayang puppet play. Whether accompanying theatrical forms or not, gamelan is performed in several different contexts, especially in rite-of passages events and communal festivals. As history and technology advance, other contexts are created, including gamelan performance on radio and television stations. From little historical evidence we could find, it is safe to say that smaller ensembles, whether they accompanied singing or not, characterized music ensembles during the early period of Javanese history. In the 16th to 17th century, the ensemble began to develop into larger size. This was achieved by synchronizing loud- and soft-sounding instruments and vocal repertoire into an integrated musical concept. The result was an expansive size of ensemble with its hundreds of repertoire as can be found in today’s gamelan and gamelan practice. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sumarsam (2004) Musical Instrument A sound-making object used for musical performance or in a musical context Video Embed YouTube video <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/24fNVI6ZRPo" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kenong gamelan idiophone Java https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2/files/original/71d0dffa5eeac257f4840808a2e564aa.jpg f44d44c8b12bf6a53d54e4a28e1b34c7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Javanese Gamelan Description An account of the resource Gamelan is an ensemble consisting of predominantly metallophone and gong type instruments. The instruments produce tones when struck with mallets. The ensemble, in various sizes and forms, can be found in a number of Indonesian islands. In Java and Bali, gamelan has developed into an expansive ensemble, while a variety of smaller ensembles continue to exist. In Java alone, there exist several forms of gamelan ensembles. There are two especially known main gamelan styles: Sundanese (West Javanese) and Javanese gamelan. The following descriptions focus on Central Javanese gamelan. ----- INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS IN THE ENSEMBLE Javanese gamelan ensemble is known for its expansive or grandeur ensemble, employing a rich variety of instrument types. In a full set of gamelan, beside metallophones and gongs, there are other types of instruments, including a set of drums (kendhang), bowed- and plucked-strings (rebab and celempung), xylophone (gambang), and a bamboo flute (suling). A “soloist” female singing (sindhen) and male chorus (gerong) are also present in the gamelan ensemble. Each or a group of instruments and singing has a particular function in the ensemble, although there is a degree of flexibility. Generally the instruments may fall into the following three functional groupings: (1) instruments that delineate the structure of the piece; (2) instruments that guide temporal flow in the music; (3) and instruments that carries melodies in both simple and elaborate forms. Instruments in the first category include large and medium hanging gongs (gong ageng and gong suwukan), small size hanging gongs (kempul), large standing gongs (kenong), and a pair of small standing gongs (kethuk-kempyang). The stroke of a large hanging gong marks the end of the main musical unit (gongan), while other gongs (kenong, kempul, and kethuk-kempyang, respectively) subdivide it in the order of its importance. Instruments in the second category are a set of two-headed drums (kendhang). The drumming style is defined by the use of particular kendhang or a combination of them. The drumming may consist of a repeatable, simple rhythmic configuration (kendhang satunggal and kendhang kalih) to elaborate and animated rhythm (kendhang ciblon) that are associated with dance movements. The third category consists of three instrumental groupings: (a) instruments that carries melodic skeleton of the piece (balungan): saron, demung, and slenthem; (b) instruments that carries elaborate form of melodies, encompassing wide melodic registers (rebab, gambang, and singing), medium registers (gender barung) and narrow register (celempung, gender panerus, and suling). Generally, the wider their registers the more importance are their melodic functions; (3) instruments whose functions are to mediate between group a (balungan) and group b (elaborating instruments): bonang barung, bonang panerus, and peking. The anticipatory nature of the melodies of these instruments (especially bonang barung) has earned them the status of melodic guidance of the ensemble. Gamelan instruments can also be grouped according to the volume of the sound they can produced: soft-sounding and loud-sounding instruments. The soft-sounding instrument are positioned in the middle- and side-front to the middle row—rebab, gender, gambang, celempung, suling, slenthem—together with the singers. The loud-sounding instruments are in the side-front, middle, and back rows: bonang, kendhang, a group of saron, ketuk-kempyang, kenong, kempul, gong. Soft-loud category is an important basis for the playing style of gamelan and the ensemble’s interplay. ----- TUNING SYSTEM, PATHET, AND GENDHING A full gamelan set employs two tuning systems, slendro and pelog (thus, the full gamelan is actually a double sets, with the slendro set usually facing to the front and the pelog set to the side). The two sets are never played simultaneously, however. The slendro tuning consists of five notes per octave. The five intervals consist of short and medium steps. The difference between the two intervals is so small, however, that they are often described as equal or nearly equal intervals. The pelog has seven pitches per octave (1 2 3 4 5 6 7), but a gendhing is composed on the basis of the combination of sets of five pitch positions (1 2 3 5 6; 1 2 4 5 6; 2 3 5 6 7). In this sense, pelog is a pentatonic system, employing not only one but three basic five-pitch scales. Unlike slendro, narrow and wide intervals in each of these scales are apparent. Another musical concept associated with tuning system is modal classification called pathet. It is a system of the hierarchical use of tones (and/or different use of scale degrees, especially in pelog), supported by characteristics of instruments or vocal idioms to be used to approach these tones and the register of the tones used in composition. Pathet circumscribes general mood or emotive content of a composition. There are three pathet in each of the tuning systems. Composition in gamelan (gendhing) is determined and arranged by a number of parameters. First, a gendhing is composed in a particular tuning system and pathet. Secondly, a composition is framed in one of the formal structures (gongan). There are a docent formal structures defined in binary way by the stroke of gong, kenong, kempul, and kethuk. Thirdly, the melodies of gendhing are arranged in a metrical unit of four notes (gatra). ----- PERFORMANCE CONTEXTS AND HISTORY Gamelan may be performed independently, i.e., to be listened for its own sake. But gamelan is also an essential accompaniment for theatrical performances, such as dance drama and shadow wayang puppet play. Whether accompanying theatrical forms or not, gamelan is performed in several different contexts, especially in rite-of passages events and communal festivals. As history and technology advance, other contexts are created, including gamelan performance on radio and television stations. From little historical evidence we could find, it is safe to say that smaller ensembles, whether they accompanied singing or not, characterized music ensembles during the early period of Javanese history. In the 16th to 17th century, the ensemble began to develop into larger size. This was achieved by synchronizing loud- and soft-sounding instruments and vocal repertoire into an integrated musical concept. The result was an expansive size of ensemble with its hundreds of repertoire as can be found in today’s gamelan and gamelan practice. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sumarsam (2004) Musical Instrument A sound-making object used for musical performance or in a musical context Video Embed YouTube video <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ww1V7om3wUE" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kempul gamelan idiophone Java Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chinese Music Ensemble Relation A related resource <br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PLb9XIdWcqeaXuTQ8zGQrB_FmTX-XEC-Jw" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Musical Instrument A sound-making object used for musical performance or in a musical context Physical description Physical attributes and characteristics of the instrument, details about morphology, construction, materials, dimensions <p><em>Gaohu</em> is a high-pitched Chinese two-stringed fiddle, a member of the <em>huqin</em> family (see <em>erhu</em>). Its structure is very similar to the <em>erhu</em>, except the <em>gaohu</em>’s body is slightly smaller and has no back close piece (<em>yin chuang</em>). In the second half of the twentieth century, some musicians have added a small bamboo tube inside the <em>gaohu</em>’s body, making the sound in the high position even brighter. The <em>gaohu</em> pictured here is one such instrument.</p> Musical, Cultural, and Social Contexts information about the contexts in which the instrument is and its role in culture and society performed (Who plays the instrument? What music do they play? Where, when, why is this instrument played?) <p>Closely related to the Guangdong province, the <em>gaohu</em>, with its distinct timbre, is associated with a distinct regional identity. It is used mostly in Cantonese music ensemble, Chaozhou music ensemble, as well as in accompanying Cantonese opera and Chao opera. In addition, it is also used as a solo instrument and as “first violin” in the modern Chinese instrumental orchestra.</p> Historical background information about the origins, history, and development of the instrument <p>The <em>gaohu</em> is a rather recent invention derived from <em>erhu</em>. It was created in the 1920s by Lu Wencheng (1898-1981), a well-known Cantonese music musician and composer. Lu changed the original silk strings to steel strings, and also adopted the playing position of holding the <em>gaohu</em>’s body in between the knees.&nbsp;</p> Playing technique methods of playing the instrument, performance practices (how is the instrument played?) <p>In playing, the <em>gaohu</em> is held in between the knees to reduce the unwanted noise. The <em>Gaohu</em>’s tembre, high and focused, makes it suitable for lyrical, quick or ornamented melodies. For its bowing and left hand techniques, see <em>erhu</em>.</p> Notation The style of written music that the player reads see <em>erhu</em> Tuning Information about the tuning system <p>It’s tuning, a¹-e² or g¹-d², is a fifth or a fourth higher than that of <em>erhu</em>. The <em>gaohu</em> has a range of three octaves as well (a¹ to e⁴ or g¹ to d⁴).</p> Geography The continent, region, nation where this instrument originates from China Classification Hornbostel-Sachs, revised by MIMO 321.313 (chordophone) Spike tube lute: the handle passes diametrically through the walls of a tube Ensemble The musical group in which an instrument can be found Chinese Music Ensemble Materials <p>Wood, snakeskin, reed, horsehair or nylon, silk, steel</p> Bibliography a list of sources referenced <p>Jonathan Stock, 1996. <em>Musical Creativity in Twentieth-Century China: Abing, His Music, and Its Changing Meanings</em>. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.</p> <p>Terrence Liu, 2002. "Erhu." In<em> The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Vol. 7. East Asia: China, Japan, and Korea</em>, ed. by Robert&nbsp; Provine, Yoshihiko Tokumaru, and J. Lawrence Witzleben, New York: Routledge, 175-8.</p> <p>Su Zheng, 2002. "Musical Instruments." In <em>The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Vol. 7. East Asia: China, Japan, and Korea</em>, ed. by Robert&nbsp; Provine, Yoshihiko Tokumaru, and J. Lawrence Witzleben, New York: Routledge, 79-83.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gaohu bowed string China chordophone